Cotingas
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The cotingas are a large family of passerine bird species found in tropical South America.
They are birds of forests or forest edges, which mostly eat fruit or insects and fruit. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs.
The males of many species, such as the cock-of-the-rocks, are brightly coloured, or decorated with plumes or wattles, like the umbrellabirds, with their umbrella-like crest and long throat wattles. Some, like the bellbirds, have distinctive and far-carrying calls. The females of most species are duller than the males.
The cock-of-the-rocks are more terrestrial than other species, and have an elaborate group mating display.
Species
- Genus Oxyruncus
- Sharpbill, Oxyruncus cristatus : The Sharpbill
is a small drab bird. Its range is from the mountainous areas of tropical South America north to Panama and Costa Rica.
It inhabits the canopy of wet forest and feeds on fruit and some invertebrates. It has an orange erectile crest, black-spotted yellowish underparts and scaling on the head and neck. As its name implies, it has a sharp bill.
It was previously considered to be the sole member of the passerine bird family Oxyruncidae, but recent DNA evidence places it in the cotinga family, Cotingidae.
- Sharpbill, Oxyruncus cristatus : The Sharpbill
is a small drab bird. Its range is from the mountainous areas of tropical South America north to Panama and Costa Rica.
- Genus Phytotoma, the plantcutters
:
The plantcutters are a group of passerine birds in the cotinga family Cotingidae. They were previously in their own family, Phytotomidae.
These are robust birds of open woodland, scrub and farmland in tropical South America. They resemble finches, and feed on fruit and similar vegetable material.
They lay 2 - 4 brown-spotted green eggs in a tree nest, which are incubated by the female.
- Peruvian Plantcutter, Phytotoma raimondii
- White-tipped Plantcutter, Phytotoma rutila
- Rufous-tailed Plantcutter / Chilean Plantcutter , Phytotoma rara :
The Rufous-tailed Plantcutter (Phytotoma rara, sometimes called Chilean Plantcutter) is a fairly small passerine bird of southern South America, now placed in the cotinga family.
It is a stocky bird, 18-20 centimetres in length, with short wings and a red eye. The longish tail is black with a reddish base. The upperparts of the male are grey-brown with dark streaks while the crown and underparts are chestnut-coloured. There is a white bar on the wing and a pattern of dark and pale areas on the face. Females have buff underparts with brown streaks and have buff rather than white in the wings. They do not have the males' chestnut crown but may show a cinnamon wash to the forehead and throat. The song is a series of stuttering notes followed by a rasping trill similar to a fishing reel.
The finch-like bill is short and thick with serrated edges and is used for stripping off buds, leaves and fruits. Insects are eaten on occasions and are fed to the chicks.
The Rufous-tailed Plantcutter is found further south than any other cotinga, inhabiting scrub, forest edge and river valleys in Chile and western Argentina. The range extends from Magallanes region north to Atacama in Chile and from Santa Cruz north to Mendoza in Argentina. Birds breeding in southern or high-altitude regions move northwards or towards the lowlands in winter. It has been recorded as a vagrant to the Falkland Islands. Birds are often seen in gardens, farmland and orchards and are sometimes considered to be a pest.
The nest is a cup of root fibres and twigs built in a fork in a shrub or tree. Two to four eggs are laid, they are blue-green with dark spots concentrated at the larger end.
- Genus Phoenicircus
- Black-necked Red Cotinga, Phoenicircus nigricollis
- Guianan Red Cotinga, Phoenicircus carnifex
- Genus Laniisoma
- Shrike-like Cotinga, Laniisoma elegans
- Genus Laniocera, the mourners
- Speckled Mourner, Laniocera rufescens
- Cinereous Mourner, Laniocera hypopyrra
- Genus Phibalura
- Swallow-tailed Cotinga, Phibalura flavirostris
- Genus Tijuca
- Black-and-gold Cotinga, Tijuca atra
- Gray-winged Cotinga, Tijuca condita
- Genus Carpornis, the berryeaters
- Hooded Berryeater, Carpornis cucullatus
- Black-headed Berryeater, Carpornis melanocephalus
- Genus Ampelion
- Red-crested Cotinga, Ampelion rubrocristata
- Chestnut-crested Cotinga, Ampelion rufaxilla
- Genus Doliornis
- Chestnut-bellied Cotinga, Doliornis remseni
- Bay-vented Cotinga, Doliornis sclateri
- Genus Zaratornis
- White-cheeked Cotinga, Zaratornis stresemanni
- Genus Pipreola, the fruiteaters
- Green-and-black Fruiteater, Pipreola riefferii
- Band-tailed Fruiteater, Pipreola intermedia
- Barred Fruiteater, Pipreola arcuata
- Golden-breasted Fruiteater, Pipreola aureopectus
- Orange-breasted Fruiteater, Pipreola jucunda
- Black-chested Fruiteater, Pipreola lubomirskii
- Masked Fruiteater, Pipreola pulchra
- Fiery-throated Fruiteater, Pipreola chlorolepidota
- Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater, Pipreola frontalis
- Handsome Fruiteater, Pipreola formosa
- Red-banded Fruiteater, Pipreola whitelyi
- Genus Ampelioides
- Scaled Fruiteater, Ampelioides tschudii
- Genus Iodopleura, the purpletufts
- Buff-throated Purpletuft, Iodopleura pipra
- White-browed Purpletuft, Iodopleura isabellae
- Dusky Purpletuft, Iodopleura fusca
- Genus Calyptura
- Kinglet Calyptura, Calyptura cristata
- Genus Lipaugus, the pihas
- Gray-tailed Piha, Lipaugus subalaris
- Olivaceous Piha, Lipaugus cryptolophus
- Dusky Piha, Lipaugus fuscocinereus
- Scimitar-winged Piha, Lipaugus uropygialis
- Screaming Piha, Lipaugus vociferans
- Rufous Piha, Lipaugus unirufus
- Cinnamon-vented Piha, Lipaugus lanioides
- Rose-collared Piha, Lipaugus streptophorus
- Genus Porphyrolaema
- Purple-throated Cotinga, Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema
- Genus Cotinga
- Lovely Cotinga, Cotinga amabilis
- Turquoise Cotinga, Cotinga ridgwayi
- Blue Cotinga, Cotinga nattererii
- Plum-throated Cotinga, Cotinga maynana
- Purple-breasted Cotinga, Cotinga cotinga
- Banded Cotinga, Cotinga maculata
- Spangled Cotinga, Cotinga cayana
- Genus Xipholena
- Pompadour Cotinga, Xipholena punicea
- White-tailed Cotinga, Xipholena lamellipennis
- White-winged Cotinga, Xipholena atropurpurea
- Genus Carpodectes
- Black-tipped Cotinga, Carpodectes hopkei
- Yellow-billed Cotinga, Carpodectes antoniae
- Snowy Cotinga, Carpodectes nitidus
- Genus Conioptilon
- Black-faced Cotinga, Conioptilon mcilhennyi
- Genus Gymnoderus
- Bare-necked Fruitcrow, Gymnoderus foetidus
- Genus Haematoderus
- Crimson Fruitcrow, Haematoderus militaris
- Genus Querula
- Purple-throated Fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
- Genus Pyroderus
- Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, Pyroderus scutatus
- Genus Cephalopterus, the umbrellabirds
- Long-wattled Umbrellabird, Cephalopterus penduliger
- Amazonian Umbrellabird, Cephalopterus ornatus
- Bare-necked Umbrellabird, Cephalopterus glabricollis
- Genus Perissocephalus
- Capuchinbird, Perissocephalus tricolor
- Genus Procnias, the bellbirds
- Three-wattled Bellbird, Procnias tricarunculata
- White Bellbird, Procnias alba
- Bearded Bellbird, Procnias averano
- Bare-throated Bellbird, Procnias nudicollis
- Genus Rupicola, the cock-of-the-rocks
- Guianan Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola rupicola
- Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Rupicola peruviana
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