Budgerigar Mutations & Breeding
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Color Mutations
There are presently at least 32 primary mutations in the Budgerigar Parakeet enabling hundreds of possible secondary mutations (stable combined primary mutations) & colour varieties (unstable combined mutations)
Of which the australian-recessive-grey-factor, the BrownWings, the DarkWings, the english-recessive-grey-factor, the Faded the english-recessive-grey-factor, the NSL-Ino & the SaddleBack mutations are either highly uncommon, extremelly rare &/or presumed 'extinct' of visual specimens.
Each of those 32 primary mutations belonging to either one of the 4 basic groups of mutations classified in Parrot species genetics. Namely ;
- Albinism: where eumelanin is reduced in ALL body tissues & structures deviding into 2 sub-groups ; Complete-Albinism & Incomplete aka Partial Albinism,
- Dilutism: where eumelanin is always +/- incompletely (never completely) reduced virtually only in feathering,
- Leucism: where eumelanin is reduced virtually only in feathering and devides into 2 sub-groups ; Total-Leucism & Local-Leucism,
- Melanism: where eumelanin is +/- increased virtually only in feathering.
Each of those 32 primary mutations inherit either:
- autosomal-Co-Dominant (A-Co-D), autosomal-Complete-Dominant (A-C-D),
- autosomal-Incomplete-Dominant (A-I-D),
- autosomal-recessive (A-R),
- autosomal-Poly-Genic (A-P-G) Sex-Linked-recessive (S-L)
It must be noted that : the word autosomal is often replaced as a synonym by the NSL acronym standing for Non-Sex-Linked.
Here's a listing of the Budgerigar aka Budgie Parakeet's 32 primary mutations genetic identities, followed by their common names in parenthesis, followed by their according allele &/or Locus symbols & ending with their genetic inheritance ;
Blue Loci (plural of Locus):
- Dark-Factor: D-Locus : A-Co-D with regards to only other Blue Loci alleles &/or always otherwise A-I-D
- Blue: bl*bl : A-Co-D with regards to only other Blue Loci alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
- BlueII: blII-Locus : A-Co-D with regards to only other Blue Loci alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
- YellowFacedBlue: blII*yf : A-Co-D with regards to only other Blue Loci alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
- GoldenFacedBlue: blII*gf : A-Co-D with regards to only other Blue Loci alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
Structural mutations :
- Crest-Factor: Cr-Locus : A-P-G
- Dark-Factor: D-Locus : A-I-D
- Grey-Factor (Dominant-Grey-Factor): G-Locus : A-C-D grey-factor (english-recessive-Grey-Factor): g-Locus : A-R grey-factor (australian-recessive-Grey-Factor) : ag-Locus : A-R
- Violet-Factor: V-Locus : A-I-D
Dilutistic mutations :
dil-Locus (Dilute Locus) multiple-allelic-series :
- Suffused (Dilute): dil*dil : A-Co-D with regards to only other dil-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
- ClearWings: dil*cw : A-Co-D with regards to only other dil-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
- GreyWings: dil*gw : A-Co-D with regards to only other dil-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise A-R
Local-Leucistic (Pied) mutations :
- ADM (Anti-DiMorphic) Pied (danish-pied, recessive-pied, harlequin): s-Locus : A-R
- Piebald (Australian-Pied): Pb-Locus : A-C-D
- Pied (Continental_Dutch-Pied & Clear-Flighted_Dutch-Pied): Pi-Locus : A-C-D
Total-Leucistic (Clear) mutations :
- Spangle-Factor: Sp-Locus : I-D
- Dark-Eyed-Clear: dil*cw / dil*gw : is not a genuine primary mutation but a mutation variety produced by the visual combination of ADM-Pied & either Dutch-Pied varieties : A-Co-D
Albinistic mutations :
NSL-Albinism (recessive-albinism) : a-Locus : multiple-allelic-series :
- NSL-Ino (recessive-Ino): a*a : A-R
- Bronze_Fallow (german_Fallow): a*bz : A-Co-D with regards to only other a-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise A-R *This mutation more precisely belongs in the Incomplete-Albinistic mutations but it was necessary to display it's relationship with the a-Locus*
- Brown or BrownWings (sepia): b-Locus : presumed A-Co-D with regards to only other a-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise A-R *This mutation more precisely belongs in the Incomplete-Albinistic mutations but it was necessary to display it's relationship with the a-Locus*
Cinnamon (CinnamonWings): cin-Locus : S-L-R
- Dun_Fallow aka Grey-Brown_Fallow (english_Fallow) : df-Locus : A-R
- Faded : fd-Locus : A-R
- possible Beige_Fallow aka Pale-Brown_Fallow (australian_Fallow) : pf-Locus : A-R
- possible Plum-Eyed_Fallow (scotish_Fallow) : pl-Locus : A-R
SL-Albinism : ino-Locus : multiple-allelic-series :
- SL-Ino : ino-Locus : S-L-R
- SL-ClearBody : ino*cl : SL-Co-D with regards to only other ino-Locus alleles &/or always otherwise S-L-R
Melanism :
- BlackFace : bf-Locus : A-R
Other mutations :
- DarkWings : dw-Locus : A-I-D
- Dominant-ClearBody : Cl-Locus : A-C-D
- Opaline : op-Locus : S-L-R
- SaddleBack : sb-Locus : A-R
- Slate : sl-Locus : S-L-R
Ref.: Source: Wikipedia.org
Breeding: A Budgerigar World Breeder Profile - Linda Haswell ... Breeding Albinos to Win by Harry Willis ... Breeding Better Budgerigars ... Central Pets: Breeding Budgies: A lesson in genetics ... Clwyd Budgerigar Society: Genetics and colour Breeding for Budgerigars by Ghalib Al-Nasser ... CPS 1993: Care and Breeding of Budgerigars by Eric Peake ... Crossing over in the Sex-chromosome ... Me & My Budgie: Budgie Handfeeding Formulas Recipes ... OzPets: Breeding Budgerigars ... Breeding For Longevity ... Breeding index for Budgerigars ... Breeding Violets ... Phenotypic Effects of the Dilute Locus in the Budgerigar ... The Art of Breeding Clearwings ... The Lacewing: An Enigma in Budgerigar Breeding ... The Master Budgeriagar Breeder (Lots of FAQs for breeders -- or wannabe breeders) ... The Nature of the Opaline Locus by Terry Martin ... Me & My Budgie - Green Budgies ... Master Budgerigar Breeder
Exhibition: An Interview with Peter Dodd ... Show Preparation of a Budgerigar
Societies
/ Associations: Tri-State
Budgerigar Society ... Budgie
Fanciers of San Diego County ... The
American Budgerigar Society
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